What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis? A Chronic Autoimmune Joint Disease
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissue, leading to chronic inflammation, pain, and progressive joint damage. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear, RA is caused by an immune system dysfunction — affecting not just joints but potentially the heart, lungs, eyes, and blood vessels as well.
RA typically affects people between the ages of 30 and 60 but can develop at any age. Women are two to three times more likely to be diagnosed with RA than men. Though there is no known cure, early diagnosis and effective treatment can help control symptoms, prevent joint deformity, and maintain a good quality of life.
Ongoing clinical research offers new hope for better understanding RA and developing safer, more effective therapies tailored to each individual.
Common Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive disease, often starting subtly and becoming more debilitating over time. It tends to affect joints symmetrically — if one hand is inflamed, the other typically is too.
Common RA Symptoms Include:
- Persistent joint pain, swelling, and warmth
- Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
- Fatigue or constant tiredness
- Low-grade fever or flu-like symptoms
- Loss of joint function or range of motion
- Weight loss and muscle weakness
- Nodules (firm bumps under the skin near joints)
- Inflammation in other organs, including eyes or lungs
RA symptoms typically come and go in “flares,” followed by periods of relative remission. Without proper treatment, RA can cause long-term disability.