What Is COVID-19? A Global Respiratory Challenge
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, emerged in late 2019 and quickly evolved into a global pandemic. As a respiratory virus, COVID-19 spreads primarily through airborne particles and droplets, leading to a wide range of symptoms — from mild to life-threatening. While most people recover with supportive care, others experience severe illness, long-term complications, or death.
Although vaccines and antiviral treatments have helped reduce hospitalization and death rates, the virus continues to evolve. Variants and new strains raise concerns about immunity, reinfection, and long-term impacts, especially in immunocompromised individuals and people with chronic conditions.
Clinical research remains essential to staying ahead of the virus, improving treatment strategies, and protecting vulnerable populations.
Symptoms of COVID-19
COVID-19 symptoms can appear 2 to 14 days after exposure and vary widely in severity and presentation. Some people remain asymptomatic, while others experience long-lasting complications.
Common COVID-19 Symptoms:
- Fever or chills
- Cough and sore throat
- Shortness of breath or chest discomfort
- Fatigue or malaise
- Loss of taste or smell
- Muscle or body aches
- Headache and brain fog
- Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
Severe Symptoms and Complications:
- Difficulty breathing
- Persistent chest pain or pressure
- New confusion or inability to stay awake
- Cyanosis (bluish lips or face)
- Blood clots, stroke, or organ damage in severe cases
Long COVID: Many patients, even those with mild symptoms, report lingering issues such as fatigue, joint pain, cognitive challenges, or respiratory difficulties weeks or months after recovery.